TO THE READER OF THIS INFORMATION

This information is unusual and using a computer website for this info instead of a personal pitch is really weird, imho. My ability to speak/explain is severely limited. Beyond a few words you would likely hear a pile of gibberish or just silence.

The following then is my attempt to communicate this concept to you. There is quite a bit of information, so you can read it at your own leisure.

There seems to be a certain set of criteria that allows anyone (disabled or not) to live a full-happy life. Indispensable to this are nutrition and appropriate exercise (muscle-work). 

A few have asked for a form of expertise, as a guarantee that this notion is ‘serious enough’ to warrant their involvement. All I can contribute here is expertise-at-being-disabled. The concept is by no means complete as is. I need input in several areas and hope others’ ideas will be forthcoming. 

Being disabled teaches me some hard facts about limitation. I, like many other disabled folk, do not exercise because my muscles cannot get a (‘You’re in the groove!’) signal. All aerobic exercise demands a sustained, coordinated input - a cadence. Since this is presently beyond my capacities, I do not exercise. This situation is widespread across the disabled world. 

THE GOGI: my invention fills this gap. I have invented a rather simple device (see below) that does not rely on any muscle input at all. Every part of a human’s body can be exercised not just specific muscle groups (as does almost all other special exercise apparatus) ... so this method applies to people with quadriplegia, or mental disabilities, accident victims, folks recovering from surgery, the elderly - on and on. 

It is based on the theories of the mini-trampoline known as a ‘rebounder’. Exercise not only tones muscles, it also helps in breathing air, digesting food and clearing waste ... even sleeping. Most ‘couch potatoes’ get much more exercise than many of us do ... just walking into a bathroom three or four times each day is in the same league (for many of us) as an athlete doing the 100-meter dash! 

The major point-of-reference in this kind of aerobic exercise is the lymphatic system. It usually drains all waste but it does this via muscle activity. When there is little or no muscle movement, there is no lymph drainage. This gets (for disabled folks) particularly troublesome since a major part of this network is the thymus gland and its excretions. The thymus gland is a large part of immunity. This is why many disabled folk can’t seem to shake a severe cold or flu. [They have little capacity to confront viruses or fungi, since the thymus gland’s immune functions are ‘locked-in’ by a stagnant lymph flow] 


REBOUND THEORY – BACKGROUND 

At first glance, exercise seems to be ridiculously impossible for many (if not most) FA'ers. [Friedreich’s Ataxia(FA) is my disabling disease. It is the genetic form of multiple sclerosis.] One should not speak of chronic ailment and exercise in the same breath. I do so, because I believe the benefits of exercise make it absolutely essential for us to exercise - and exercise often! However, this effort cannot be embraced to the detriment of adequate sleep. And sleep varies considerably from season to season, and according to Dr. Irving Dardik (http://www.dardikinstitute.org/ or http://www.lifewaves.com/ ) daily rest is critical. [He was the chief medical officer for the American Olympic team at Atlanta, USA.] 

If an FA’er decides to exercise, we can make adaptations to the kinds of exercise that are promoted as healthy. We must also look at our own capacities and develop programs to suit both. The forms that programs of exercise take are very much determined by our blood-type. This seems like an unusually strange statement. However, this idea is developed by Peter D'Adamo in his book 'Eat Right 4 Your Type' (1996).

It is clear that we FA'ers are not going to play regular sports like basketball, hockey, soccer, football, baseball, or golf, and probably not sky-diving, nor bungie-jumping. Probably not volleyball, nor tennis ... maybe not even 'bar hopping' is in the cards for us.
The view of an FA-exercise program is even more difficult to accept because a lot of people (including us) measure status by what they can 'do'. This is sometimes called 'achievement'. FA'ers can pioneer a 'hard lesson' - re-learn how to become human before becoming 'achievers.' 

The benefits of physical work and exercise are not only seen in the body builder or the athlete, but are the primary way that energy is made and used. Our bodies were built for movement. To stop physical activity is to invite death. A living being is one in motion! In proper brain development, motion is more necessary than the stimuli of sound or light2.
Exercise can be as simple as pushing and pulling a wheelchair; or, causing a cycle of contracting and relaxing stomach muscles. Sitting and watching TV is not exercise!

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Types of Exercise
A) Isotonic. This form of exercise builds strength and tone in the muscle groups exercised. It is probably the easiest and most convenient for FA'ers to do. This exercise consists of pushing or pulling against an object that is difficult or impossible to move. Examples are::: pushing one hand against another, or trying to lift the seat you're sitting on. You hold the pressure for about 5 seconds then release. Repeat often throughout the day. Grab different objects and pull - push in different directions. Pull a rope, squeeze a ball ... or try laughing 'til it hurts.

B) Body Building or Weight Training. The benefits of this type of exercise for an FA'er has mixed reviews. One fellow says that it helped to slow the progress of his FA. Another said that he now feels that it had actually hastened his degeneration.

Physical stress of this kind should be monitored closely by a knowledgeable assistant, and you should be careful not to do too much. Exercise will help you but it won't cure you. Nutrition is particularly important for the FA'er, especially if he or she has a tendency toward diabetes with a risk of hypoglycemia.

A very important consideration is that weight training is often a community sport and takes place in a public or private gymnasium. This can help overcome the sense of isolation that many FA'ers feel. Talking and joking with others doing some of the same exercises improves both morale and self-esteem.

NOTE: Generating a lot of sweat/body-heat depletes the body's store of zinc. In particular, weight training calls for adequate nutrition tailored to our unique needs.


C) Stretching and Balance. This form of exercise can help a number of coordination problems associated with FA. It is most helpful to be guided by knowledgeable teachers. This is especially true in Yoga or T'ai Chi.

Swimming is highly recommended for FA'ers. Exercise in the supporting medium of water permits a wider range of movements, involving more muscles, than those carried out on "dry land."


D) Aerobics. Without doubt this kind of exercise (for blood-type O's)3 is 'king' when it comes to health benefits for the exerciser4. However, jogging, dancing, cross-country skiing, and the like, are simply not practical for most FA'ers.

We need, I think, a closer inspection of the mechanics of aerobics before we ‘give-up’. It is estimated that through the oxygenation of cells, ‘normal’ mitochondria will produce 46 units of energy for every unit of input. FA'ers have two problems here: 1) they haven't even got that one unit of energy input; 2) they (like most disabled folks) don't have the muscle coordination demanded as input by this type of exercise.

One of the most efficient and effective motions for aerobic exercises is the up-down-up motion that involves the least jarring possible. Many aerobic exercises embody this up-down-up motion: skipping; bouncing on a pogo-stick; or bed-bouncing - a motion that children love. So do several forms of dancing: polkas, square dancing, some traditional African dances. Jogging, walking briskly, and aerobic exercise classes incorporate much up-down-up motion. Some of these (as has been noted) may not be practical for most FA'ers.



OTHER DEVICES:

In recent years, a form of exercise has been used to do many different things. It is called ‘whole body vibration’ and utilizes a vibrating surface to elicit results. The rebounder and such ‘vibration machines’ employ the same principle – the up-down-up motion – but the vibration devices employ many more such movements per minute and much shorter ones, too. Here are some currently marketed: http://www.versaclimber.com/VC_Exervibe_VC.htm 

http://www.soloflex.com/index.asp?m=toolbar&d=wbv&sd=about&p=1 

http://www.wholebodyvibes.com/personal.htm 

http://www.powerplateusa.com/Index.aspx 

However (and this has not been studied), The advantage of the Gogi (see below) is the variation of rhythm that vibration devices do not employ.


APPLYING THIS CONCEPT TO DISABLED FOLKS 

There are also ways in which the up-down-up motion can be achieved even when the exerciser remains passive. Traditional Eskimos used a blanket-toss. And today disabled people are riding horses; the gait of the horse bounces the rider up and down, and in the process delivers an aerobic workout!5

The trampoline is often seen in modern gymnasiums. Today, a mini-trampoline, called a rebounder, is being sold for home use. Instead of bouncing high as with the trampoline, the exerciser bounces only a few inches only more often. The exercise is unique because the aerobic workout affects every cell within the body. Each cell is stressed by repeatedly altering the gravitational forces acting upon it, improving its respiration and health.





The benefits of this exercise are not limited to the bouncer, but to anyone (or part of anyone) on the rebounding surface. Above are several diagrams depicting the ways that a person with limited capabilities, can use this format (if they can solicit the help of someone to do the bouncing). This system has many benefits, not the least of which is the reasonable price - about $300 Canadian for a ‘good’ unit. 

Its main drawbacks are:
a) the need for an "assistant bouncer" to do the bouncing; you may prefer several short (lasting about 2 minutes) bursts each day, and your "assistant bouncer" may not always be available. This might be a serious drawback because the exercise must be done repeatedly, over many years, in order to do any lasting good.
b) Present design of this device makes access by a wheelchair, onto the elevated rebounding surface, impossible - about 10" high. Transfers ‘on’ and ‘off’ may prove too discouraging. 

Developing New Devices

If the present rebounder isn't a practical way of achieving adequate "rapid rhythmic vertical oscillation," then there is nothing stopping us from originating and developing our own ideas as to how to achieve the desired result. Why not design and build a machine that provides enough rhythmic up-down-up motion while remaining wheelchair accessible? [I DO NOT KNOW HOW HARD THIS WILL BE ON THE JOINTS OF A WHEELCHAIR!]

The theoretical model (below) is based somewhat on the belief that the fundamental rhythm of the heart is not solely for that muscle, but the strange double-thumping pulse actually delivers some sound-cadence-energy to all living tissue aside from its blood pumping abilities. 

[Years ago, I saw a documentary on premature humans in their incubators. Each baby was given a Teddy (which they hugged tightly). It was explained that a recording of a strong maternal heartbeat had been sewn into each Teddy. The Japanese researchers found that the babes’ hearts would soon synchronize with the recording and would regularize (remove arrhythmia) and strengthen the infant hearts.] I am hoping that this same phenomenon can happen in adults as well! 

After thinking about this a bit, I thought: a) maybe, much of our physical-living habits are ‘learned’ … it’s not all DNA; b) this ‘learning’ is taught to the developing infant by its mother and so, has influence even prior to the existence of the fetal-heart; c) at this level the thump-thump offers a cadence (a timing) to all living activity. The blood pumping delivers nutrients via the blood network and also, the heart’s sound extends its vitality to all cells (its cadence), the timing is indispensable to coordinated activity. 


THE GOGI


The invention is based on two nearly superimposed cages. One cage is fixed in place and the other is mobile and suspended on air-inflated balls. The motion of this mobile cage (carrying the wheelchair) is governed by a rhythmic piston movement that translates into a rhythmic bounce. On command, a piston moves the bouncer ‘up’, then drops the cage onto the balls; and then it picks-up the returning cage to repeat the cycle. 

The ‘bounce’ is not jarring because the movement is likely within 3”. The reason for the ‘drop’ is to avoid the input of momentum.

Much beyond my expertise, is a delivery system that will have a number of rhythms pre-programmed, to feed-into/direct the movement of the piston. [If this is possible for flashing Christmas-tree lights, it should be possible here!] An electric device could provide both the power and the control for the necessary-bounce session. A number of rhythmic up-down-up sessions can be employed by the user: miming a horse trot; a heartbeat; rope-jumping; polka; belly-laughter; etc. [An off-on switch or timer gives the user safety control.] 

Safety Features 
It may also be important to have additional control safety features,
A) maximum time of 20 minutes for one session (after which the motor automatically stops); 
B) an external on-off switch for an attendant. Because such motion as this machine produces has not been tested on disabled people, wearing a neck support at the beginning may be advisable if such is normally used.
C) an automatic ‘off’ if the device gets stuck/jams



Important Factors as Therapy: 

A) In some countries the rebounder is known as a lymphasizer to underscore how effective this device is at moving lymph. I could elaborate greatly but this has already been done by Karl Loren at http://www.yongmoonmookwan.com/1/p16.htm

B) It is difficult to overestimate the role of the cerebellum - that structure in the brain responsible for the coordination of muscular movement - in the expression of FA-type diseases as well as several other disorders. The human cerebellum normally achieves maturity after birth, and its healthy development needs both the right nutrients and the proper stimuli. Among the latter, as infants we need cuddling, bouncing, rocking and attention.
In the period immediately following birth – as newborns we need: 1) human breast milk/colostrum containing zinc, taurine, essential fatty acids; etc. and, 2) rapid up-down-up motion, for proper cerebellum development. Such development, if consciously undertaken as adults as a therapeutic or remedial measure, requires much the same ingredients as in the earlier period. Dietary supplements together with controlled 'vertical oscillation' (as produced, for example, in the machine proposed above), may well effect desired changes in the cerebellum. 
… the heartbeat recording of a pregnant woman may prove to be highly effective. This rhythmic sound is ‘THE TEACHER’ for an infant’s cadence and so, is pre-cardiac. It is ‘deeper’ at a cellular level and not only on an organ-level. Perhaps we who are FA’ers (who have very little cadence) or who are ‘older’ can still benefit from such stimulus. I believe this basic-pulse that provides cadence is the basis for all coordinating of muscle movement. 
The pump-pump of the heart is only one such coordinated activity. We also need coordinated breathing, speaking, swallowing; we also need to stand, crawl, walk, and run. These are but a few of many coordinated muscle actions.

COMPLIANCE …………The movement also stimulates a nerve in the brain that gives pleasure, so it has a built-in reinforcement for happiness. Notice how many folks (with developmental disabilities) will rock back-and-forth to stimulate this nerve path. The device does this as a side benefit. The cerebellum not only coordinates muscle movement but also muscle movement with emotions. We ‘jump-for-joy’ but are usually stiff with grief.


UNIQUENESS OF THIS EXERCISE FOR DISABLED FOLKS

The rebound motion - while seemingly similar to other forms of exercises - has a few features that make it an ideal format for disabled people. First in importance, is the cellular level of this exercise. Most exercise forms operate on the aggregate-tissue level and therefore, uses nerve control of muscle groups in order to function. If there is a problem with the nerves, then there will be no activation of the muscles-of-the-exercise. Shifting to a cellular level permits exercise in every kind of cell ... whether nerve controlled or not ... any person then can benefit from this movement. 
For example, a severely retarded person and a person with quadriplegia and someone with cerebral palsy can bounce together and each person have very different benefits from the very same bounce.
Second: there are numerous reasons for disabling conditions - both brain-related {stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy) or strictly physical (limb amputation, emphysema) can prevent a person from having a ‘controlled’ bounce. Employing this device may open this format to them. 
The unique form of exercise employed by the GOGI, is ideally suited to disabled people or others who do not have the desired input-control. Most disabled folk are dysfunctional in that they lack a form of cadence to any task. When someone is spastic, it is more than enough to find any kind of muscle control. Asking that this control be rhythmic (for exercise) on top of this is far too demanding.


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This device is very much in a ‘development’ stage and we wish others would make this their project and help fill the technical gaps where there are any ... then build an actual prototype. 

Now the snag ... the limitations of my physical disability are obvious. Not so obvious, is the severe restriction of my finances. Many of us (and I’m one) can just survive on disability pension incomes. I have this concept .... but I have no money to make it happen ... ‘no’ as in zip! 
Contact: John McDonell – jlmcdonell@personainternet.com 

Howard (Howie) Kyle Jr – kylejr@ntl.sympatico.ca phone: 268-0798

Endnotes:
1. Mind Food & Smart Pills, by Ross Pelton (1989) p.246-247
2. The Brain - The Last Frontier, by Richard Restak, M.D. (1979) p.144
3. Eat Right 4 Your Type, Peter D'Adamo (1996) pp.91-94
4. Pelton p.250
5. Rebounding Aerobics, by Morton Walker & Frank Angelo (1981) p.174